Poodles come in three sizes – Miniature, Toy and Standard. Even though their size differs, their chances of getting certain medical conditions are the same. Responsible breeders screen their stock for genetic diseases but not all poodle breeders bother to do this. Compared to other breeds like the West Highland white terrier or the cocker spaniel, poodles are generally healthier, but they are still prone to certain conditions.

Addison’s Disease

Also called hypoadrenocorticsm, this is a disease brought on by hormone imbalances. Just why the adrenal glands malfunction is unknown. For an unknown reason, female dogs around four years old are most commonly affected. The bad news is that if left untreated, the dog eventually dies of heart failure. The good news is that Addison’s is a treatable condition. Early symptoms include loss of appetite and lack of energy.

Von Willebrand’s Disease

Von Willebrand’s disease causes severe bleeding in even the most minor injury. Humans also suffer from this disease, but do not catch it from dogs. This is a genetic disease passed on by both parents. The good news is that now there is a DNA test available to remove dogs carrying the defective gene from breeding stock. However, not all poodle breeders bother with DNA testing. Not all dogs with Von Willebrand’s disease can be treated.

Patellar Luxation

Also called slipped kneecap, this condition can happen in just about any breed of dog but is commonly seen in poodles, especially toy poodles. Causes include injuries or birth defects. There are four grades of patellar luxation, but all grades require prompt veterinary treatment. Although this is not a lethal condition, it is painful. Symptoms include lameness, pointing the toes in towards the other side of the body and unwillingness to be touched in the affected leg.

Neurological Conditions

Poodles are prone to some neurological conditions that will need treatment for the rest of their lives. They often appear in puppyhood but can show up as late as two years. These conditions include narcolepsy (falling asleep suddenly) and idiopathic epilepsy (a seizure condition with no known cause.) Poodles can also experience cataplexy or unexplained muscle weakness. Dogs can also be diagnosed with both narcolepsy and cataplexy. In both narcolepsy and cataplexy, attacks can range anywhere from a couple of seconds to 20 minutes.